In recent years, the global fluorine rubber has developed rapidly, and its output has maintained an annual growth rate of 7% to 8%. At present, fluororubber production mainly includes China, the United States, Russia, Japan, Italy and other countries. The total production capacity is nearly 40,000 t/a. There are more than 50 varieties (including compound rubber), such as 23 fluororubber, 26 Series of fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber, fluorophosphazene rubber and fluoroether rubber, among which the 26 series (26, 246) fluororubber is the largest and most widely used, accounting for more than 90% of the total fluororubber.

  The automobile industry is the main consumption area of fluororubber, and its consumption accounts for about 40% of the total consumption of fluororubber, petrochemicals account for 25%, and aerospace, aviation and other industries account for 35%. 1. Demand growth stimulates production growth.

  my country's fluororubber industry has developed rapidly (see Table 1 for production and sales statistics in recent years), and has initially formed a production capacity of 3000t/a, of which

Zhonghao Chenguang Chemical Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as Chenguang Institute) has an installation capacity of 1500t/a, Shanghai Sanaifu Co., Ltd. 1000t/a, and Jiangsu Meilan Chemical Co., Ltd. 500t/a.

  The varieties are still dominated by traditional 23-type, 26, and 246-type fluoroelastomers. Among them, the 23-type glue of Chenguang Institute is produced by a single company, and the varieties and specifications of 26 glue and 246 glue are complete, and it can produce low Mooney viscosity glue types;

  The application of fluorine rubber to key parts of the automobile, such as gaskets and O-rings, has also promoted the promotion and application of fluorine rubber (especially fluorine rubber with high fluorine content with excellent comprehensive performance). The application of foreign fluorine rubber in the automotive industry has entered a mature stage, mainly used as a sealing material for power transmission, vibration reduction, and fuel system of cars and middle and upper-class vehicles. The average amount of fluorine rubber per car is 0.20～0.25kg.

  Most of the fluororubbers currently used in the automobile industry in my country are products or rubber compounds imported from Europe, and the annual demand is about 500t (converted into raw rubber). With an annual output of 3 million to 4 million vehicles, my country's automobile industry needs 600 to 1,000 tons of fluorine rubber each year.

  The average annual growth rate of my country's fluorine rubber demand is more than 30%. In 2000, the total consumption of various types of fluororubber was about 1100t. It is estimated that the demand (including products) will reach 5000t (including 3,000t for social maintenance) in 2005, and 7000t (including 4,000t for social maintenance) in 2010 (including products).

   Second, the backward processing and application technology seriously restricts the development of the industry. The international development trend of fluorine rubber is: realize product serialization, pay attention to the development of compound rubber product series combined with various vulcanization systems and additives; develop and improve the low-viscosity, fast A series of products with vulcanization, high tear strength, good mold release and good extrusion performance; develop a wider range of high and low temperature resistance, hot water (steam), alcohol resistance, and chemical resistance fluorine rubber Etc., and further optimize the product production process to achieve airtightness and continuity.

  At present, there is still a big gap in domestic variety development, processing, application, etc., especially in application and processing technology. Due to backward formulation research, the country still mainly stays on high and medium viscosity rubber species (accounting for 70% of the total application) , Basically, the molding process is adopted, the product quality is unstable and the production efficiency is low.

  Low Mooney viscosity fluororubber has been widely used abroad. For example, the Western European market basically adopts low Mooney viscosity fluororubber extrusion and injection molding processing methods, and improved formulas are used to make up for the lack of mechanical strength. Because the low Mooney viscosity rubber has the advantages of moderate vulcanization speed, good elasticity, easy processing and good mold release, it can meet the needs of processing complex geometric products, and the product performance is stable, and the production efficiency is high. It is the development and processing of fluorine rubber Mainstream direction. The China Fluorosilicone Organic Materials Industry Association has listed low Mooney viscosity fluoroelastomers used in extrusion and injection processes among the development of fluoroelastomers among the key products developed during the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the fluorochemical industry.

  In terms of production technology, in general, domestic and international are basically synchronized, such as the Freon dilution and cracking monomer produced by Chenguang Institute, continuous polymerization to produce fluorine rubber with different fluorine content, wide molecular weight distribution and control technology, and low The Mooney viscosity fluororubber production process has reached or approached the international advanced level.

  Although the quality gap between domestic fluororubber and foreign products is gradually narrowing, and fluororubber product processing enterprises all over the country have also opened up a broad space for the development of fluororubber, there is still a big gap in domestic product varieties and application research, especially The backward processing and application technology has severely restricted the development of the fluororubber industry.

  Therefore, you can see that on the one hand, domestically produced rubber is increasingly squeezed into the international market; on the other hand, my country's major fluororubber users (such as the automobile industry, etc.) import a large number of rubber compounds and fluororubber products to meet demand.

发展氟橡胶工业，提高关键技术

近年来，全球氟橡胶发展迅速，产量一直保持7%～8%的年增长速度。目前从事氟橡胶生产的主要有中国、美国、俄罗斯、日本、意大利等几个国家，总生产能力近4万t/a，品种(包括配合胶)有50余个，如23型氟橡胶、26系列氟橡胶、氟硅橡胶、氟化膦腈橡胶及氟醚橡胶等，其中用量*大、使用面*广的为26系列(26、246)氟橡胶，占氟橡胶总用量的90%以上。

  汽车工业是氟橡胶的主要消费领域，用量约占氟橡胶总消费量的40%，石油化工占25%，航天、航空及其他行业占35%。 一 需求增长刺激产量增加。

  我国氟橡胶产业发展很快(近年产销统计见表1)，目前已初步形成3000t/a的生产能力，其中

中昊晨光化工研究院(以下简称晨光院)装置能力1500t/a，上海三爱富股份公司1000t/a，江苏梅兰化工股份公司500t/a。

  品种仍以传统的23型和26、246型氟橡胶为主。其中晨光院的23型胶为一家生产，26胶和246胶的品种、规格齐全，且能生产低门尼粘度的胶种；

  氟橡胶应用于密封垫、O形圈等汽车关键部保规定也促进了氟橡胶(特别是综合性能优异的高含氟量氟橡胶)的推广应用。国外氟橡胶在汽车行业的应用已步入成熟期，主要用作轿车及中上等汽车动力传动、减振、燃油系统用密封材料，平均每辆汽车的氟橡胶用量为0.20～0.25kg。

  我国目前用于汽车工业的氟橡胶大部分是从欧洲进口的制品或混炼胶，每年需求量约为500t(折算为生胶量)。以年产300万～400万辆汽车计算，我国汽车工业每年需要氟橡胶应达600～1000t。

  我国氟橡胶需求量的年均增长率在30%以上。2000年各类氟橡胶消费总量约为1100t，预计2005年需求量(包括制品)将达到5000t(其中社会维修量3000t)，2010年(包括制品)为7000t(其中社会维修量4000t)。

   二 加工应用技术落后 严重制约产业发展国际上氟橡胶发展趋势为：实现产品系列化，重视开发结合有各种硫化体系、助剂的混炼胶产品系列；开发和完善汽车工业用低粘度、快速硫化、高撕裂强度、脱模性好及挤出性能好的系列产品；开发耐高低温性能范围更宽的、耐热水(水蒸汽)、耐醇类、耐化学药品性好的氟橡胶等，并进一步优化产品生产工艺，做到密闭化、连续化。

  目前，国内在品种开发、加工、应用等方面还存在较大差距，尤其在应用和加工技术方面，由于配方研究落后，国内还主要停留在高中粘度胶种上(占应用总量的70%)，基本上是采用模压加工，制品质量不稳定、生产效率低。

  而国外低门尼粘度氟橡胶应用已十分广泛，如西欧市场基本都采用了低门尼粘度氟橡胶挤出、注射成型的加工方法，用改进配方来弥补其机械强度的不足。由于低门尼粘度胶种具有硫化速度适中、弹性好、易加工及脱模性好等优点，可以满足加工复杂几何形状制品的需要，且制品性能稳定，生产效率高，是氟橡胶研制和加工的主流方向。中国氟硅有机材料工业协会在氟化工行业“十五”重点发展产品中，已将用于挤出和注射工艺的低门尼粘度氟橡胶列入氟弹性体的发展之首。

  在生产技术方面，总的来说，国内与国际上基本同步，如晨光院所采用的氟里昂稀释裂解制单体、连续聚合生产不同含氟量的氟橡胶、宽分子量分布及控制技术以及低门尼粘度氟橡胶生产等工艺已达到或接近国际先进水平。

  尽管国产氟橡胶质量与国外产品差距正在逐渐缩小，遍布国内的氟橡胶制品加工企业也为氟橡胶的发展开拓了广阔天地，但国内在产品的品种、应用研究方面尚存在较大差距，特别是加工应用技术的落后严重制约了氟橡胶工业的发展。

  因此，大家可以看到，一方面国产生胶越来越多地挤进国际市场；另一方面我国氟橡胶使用大户(如汽车工业等)大量进口混炼胶和氟橡胶制品以满足需求。